Stearic acid (1802 – 1842) – Arman Shimi Asgari Trading Company

Usages	Stearic acid, a widely used saturated fatty acid, has become a vital raw material in a wide range of industries due to its unique chemical and physical properties. The versatility of this compound makes it ideal for improving the quality and performance of various products. 1. Cosmetics: From Stabilization to Skin Softening In the world of cosmetics, stearic acid plays key roles. It acts as a powerful stabilizer and thickener in the production of creams, lotions, and shampoos, giving the formulations consistency and stability. In soapmaking, stearin (or stearic acid) acts as a soap hardener, contributing to the durability and quality of its lather. It also helps improve the texture and increase the stability of the product in skin care products such as moisturizers and anti-wrinkle creams. 2. Candle Industry: Stable and Low-Smoke Flame Stearic acid is essential as a hardener for producing high-quality candles. This property increases the burning time of the candle and significantly reduces the soot produced. In addition, it helps improve the quality of the candle fuel and create a uniform and stable flame. 3. Plastics and Rubber Industry: Facilitator of the Production Process One of the key applications of stearic acid in industry is its use in the production process of plastics and rubber. This saturated fatty acid acts as a multipurpose additive and, by acting as an internal lubricant and mold release agent, prevents materials from sticking to the mold surface during production and makes the molding process smoother and faster. However, the role of stearic acid is not limited to reducing friction; in polymer compounds, this substance has a direct effect on the performance of accelerators and activators and improves the reactivity of the system. In the rubber industry, stearic acid, in addition to improving fluidity, is also known as an effective dispersing agent that helps distribute other additives evenly in the polymer structure. These properties ultimately lead to increased quality, strength, and uniformity of the final product. 4. Food industry: Improving texture and stability Stearic acid with specific grades (such as food grade) is used as an edible emulsifier in food products such as chocolate, margarine, and non-dairy creamers. This property helps improve the composition, stability, and mouthfeel of the product. It is also used as a coating and anti-caking agent in the production of some food tablets and capsules. 5. Pharmaceutical industry: Lubrication and stability of drugs In the pharmaceutical industry, stearic acid is used as a lubricant and anti-caking agent in the production of tablets and capsules, which facilitates the production process and ensures the final quality of the product. Also, this stearate can act as a base for the preparation of medicinal creams and ointments. 6. Chemical industry: Raw material and performance enhancer Stearic acid also plays a significant role in the chemical industry. It is used in the production of detergents as a stabilizing agent and performance enhancer. It is also used as an important raw material in the synthesis of other fatty acids and various chemical products. 7. Textile industry: Softness and water resistance In the process of fabric production, stearic acid is used as a softener and water-repellent agent. This additive improves the quality of the fabric texture and increases its resistance to moisture.
Storage conditions	In general, stearic acid is non-toxic and stable under normal conditions, but it still needs to be stored and handled under certain conditions. Below is how to store this acid. This acid should be stored and handled at room temperature. The storage area for this material should be well ventilated. This chemical should be kept away from strong oxidizing agents. The lid of the container in which this acid is stored should be tightly closed. Avoid smoking in the storage area for this acid. If the storage conditions for this acid are good and appropriate, it can be stored and used well for up to 2 years.

Formula Chemical	C18H36O2
Physical state	Solid, white or colorless at room temperature
Melting point	69 to 70 degrees Celsius
Molecular weight	284.48 g/mol
Density	0.94 g/cm^3
Chemical stability	Resistant to oxidation
Solubility	Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, benzene, and Chloroform

Normal hexane

Category : Export raw materials, Other chemical solvents,

Features

Usages: Applications of Normal Hexane: From Pharmaceuticals to Paints and Resins Normal Hexane is used in various industries due to its unique properties such as high purity, volatility, non-polarity and excellent solvency. Below are the most important applications of this substance and its role in production, formulation or processing: 1. Oil extraction and food industries Normal Hexane is used to extract vegetable oil from oilseeds such as rapeseed, soybean, peanut, canola and corn. This solvent helps in maximum oil extraction with high efficiency. Food grade normal hexane must be highly controlled in terms of solvent residue. Our customers in the oil extraction field can receive food grade normal hexane with controlled purity. 2. Paint, Adhesive and Resin Industries In the production of paints, thinners, industrial adhesives, acrylic and polyurethane resins, normal hexane is used as a diluent and solvent. Due to its high evaporation rate, it helps in faster drying of the paint and uniformity of the surface. We are able to supply high purity industrial grade normal hexane suitable for paint and resin factories. 3. Pharmaceutical and laboratory industry As a non-polar solvent for extracting organic compounds and cleaning, normal hexane is used in laboratories and some pharmaceutical formulations. 4. Rubber and plastic industry The role of normal hexane in these industries is important as a density regulator and solvent for preparing polymers. 5. Furniture, wood and printing industries In the production of furniture and wood veneers, normal hexane is used for surface cleaning, coating preparation and cleaning of resins. It is also used in the printing industry as a solvent-based ink cleaner.
Storage conditions: To prevent explosion, this flammable chemical should be stored in an enclosed area with adequate ventilation and explosion-proof electrical and lighting equipment. Do not use compressed air for filling, emptying, or handling, and always use non-sparking hand tools.In the event of a hexane fire, take the following steps:Stop the chemical release.Extinguish all sources of ignition.Use water. However, water spray should not be used as it may spread the fire.Use fire extinguishers containing foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide. In the event of a fire or chemical spill, contact local health and pollution control officials.

Caustic

Category : Export raw materials

Features

Usages: The uses of soda are very wide, mainly for degreasing or neutralizing and adjusting pH. Caustic soda is widely used in industry:As a base material in the production of chemicals. Cardboard and paper production. Artificial silk production. In the production of paints and dyeing industries. Oil, gas and petrochemical industries. Ceramic industry. Dairy industry. Can be used in cotton production. Plastic recycling. Vegetable stain removal. Textile industries. Canning, food and milk industries. Pharmaceutical and alcohol industries. Cosmetics and health industries. Soft drinks. Sugar industries. Leather and textile industries. Metal industries. Military industries. Acid neutralization and battery manufacturing. Production of grease removers. For removing bitterness from olives. Using caustic soda in determining the concentration of unknown acids in acid-base titration. Caustic soda in the manufacture of epoxy resins. Sodium hydroxide in the production of anticoagulant drugs. Sodium hydroxide in the production of fuel cells. In the water and wastewater industry to reduce the acidity of water.
Storage conditions: Suitable containers: Should be stored in corrosion-resistant tanks and containers. Carbon steel or polypropylene tankers are usually used for this purpose. Storage location: A dry, cool and well-ventilated place, away from direct sunlight, heat sources and incompatible materials (such as acids, aluminum, zinc and other active metals) is ideal.Tight packaging: Ensure that the container lid is completely closed to prevent the absorption of moisture in the air (hygroscopicity). The risk of hazards from storing this hazardous chemical liquid can be reduced by using plastic containers. The key to storage is to store it in safe and sturdy containers. Since this substance is highly corrosive, the use of a secondary container is essential. Sodium hydroxide can be stored in polyethylene containers at any concentration. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C and not be less than 10 ° C. The fittings used in tanks to store this material are polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, and gaskets made of ethylene propylene diene monomer are used for sealing.

Diethylamine DEA

Category : Export raw materials

Features

Usages: 1. Chemical industry: Diethylamine is used as a solvent in the preparation and modification of dyes, resins and polymers. It is also used as a catalyst in the production of chemicals such as amines, nitriles, isocyanates and sulfonamides.2. Pharmaceutical industry: Diethylamine is used in the preparation of some drugs and medical materials. For example, diethylamine is used in the synthesis of antihistamines, vitamins and some anticoagulants.3. Agricultural industry: In the agricultural industry, diethylamine is used as an additive and herbicide in the production of fertilizers and pesticides.4. Paint and resin industry: Diethylamine is used as a mixing agent in the formulation of paints and resins. This compound can add certain properties to paints, such as anti-reflective and gloss-enhancing properties.5. Polymer chemical industry: Diethylamine is used as a catalyst in the production of some polymers, such as polyurethane, polyamide, and polyesters.6. Textile and fabric dyeing industry: Diethylamine is used as an ethylating agent in the dyeing process of fabrics and textiles.7. Detergent industry: Diethylamine is used as a mixing agent and pH regulator in the preparation of some detergents and hygiene products, such as shampoos, cleaning fluids, and skin care products.It is important to know that the uses of diethylamine may vary in different industries and processes, and these are just a few examples of the uses of this substance. Also, to use diethylamine in any specific industry, relevant guidelines and regulations must be followed and the necessary safety must be ensured in its use.
Storage conditions: Avoid storing this product with strong acids and oxidants. This product should be stored in a dry place away from heat and heat. The storage environment for this product should have proper ventilation. This material reacts with air, so after use, make sure that the product storage container is tight. Due to the hygroscopic nature of this product, avoid storing it with moisture and carbon dioxide. The pure composition of this material is stored at 50 degrees Celsius to remain liquid. This is while MEA is stored at 35 degrees Celsius.

Triethanolamine

Category : Export raw materials, Other chemical solvents,

Features

Usages: Ethanolamines are used in gas sweetening, lubricants, and detergents, as well as in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.Gas Sweetening: Monoethanol and diethanols produce acid and amine gases when exposed to high temperatures.Monomethanolamine is used in gas synthesis for gas purification, resulting in the production of ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.Textiles: Ethanolamines are used in textile processing as intermediates in the preparation of durable cotton coatings and softeners. Due to their low alkalinity, amine soaps are used as cleaning agents for silk and wool. Diethanolamine and triethanolamine are also used in the manufacture of synthetic silk dyes.Dry Cleaning: Ethanolamines are used primarily in dry cleaning due to their hydrophilic properties. Due to their antistatic and colorfast properties, ethanolamine salts are also used in the field of textile softening.Metalworking: Ethanolamines are often used as neutralizers of acidic components in lubricating sprays to prevent corrosion.Cosmetics: Fatty acids are neutralized with ethanolamine. Diethanolamine is a common ingredient in shampoos and cosmetics that causes the creamy structure and foaming of these materials. Cocoamide diethanolamine or coconut oil used in detergents is a derivative of diethanolamine. Diethanolamine is also a raw material in the production of morpholine.Triethanolamine and cream production: One of the uses of triethanolamine is in the production of various creams. In fact, it can be said that triethanolamine is used to improve quality.Triethanolamine can help regulate the pH of the cream and prevent skin irritation. This chemical is also considered a type of stabilizer that creates greater stability by its presence in the structure of various creams.In addition, triethanolamine is an emulsifier. An emulsifier is a substance that can place oily and non-oily substances next to each other. For this reason, this substance is used in the structure of creams so that oily and non-oily substances do not separate from each other and a uniform mixture is created.Triethanolamine in the detergent industry: Among the applications of triethanolamine for buyers, we can mention its use in the detergent industry. In fact, a large part of the triethanolamine produced is used in the detergent industry. In fact, this chemical is used to prepare and produce various types of dishwashing liquid, facial cleanser, etc.The reason for the popularity of triethanolamine in this industry is the unique properties and characteristics of the substance in question. Important features of this chemical are regulating the acidity or alkalinity of the environment, stabilization, stability of emulsification properties, etc.Triethanolamine in the pharmaceutical industry: Another application of triethanolamine is its use in the pharmaceutical industry. This chemical is used to produce ointments for muscle and joint pain.Triethanolamine in the cement production industry: Triethanolamine is one of the most widely used additives used in the cement production process. Using triethanolamine in the cement production industry prevents the accumulation of powders on the surface of the desired surfaces.Triethanolamine in the photography industry: Triethanolamine is one of the alkaline chemical compounds that is used in various industries such as the photography industry due to this property. In photographic processing, triethanolamine is an alkaline agent.Triethanolamine in electroplating: Another application of triethanolamine is its use in electroplating. In fact, triethanolamine is used as a complexing agent in electroplating. Triethanolamine is used in electrodeless electroplating.Triethanolamine in soldering: In general, ethanolamines are widely used in soldering. In fact, monoethanolamine and diethanolamine are used together with triethanolamine to produce liquid organic fluxes. This compound is used with tin and zinc to solder aluminum alloys and other soft solders.Triethanolamine in rubber production:Among the applications of triethanolamine, we can mention its use in the manufacture of natural and synthetic rubbers. In fact, triethanolamine is used in the polymerization process of rubber production.Triethanolamine in the agricultural industry:Triethanolamine is also widely used in the agricultural industry due to its unique properties and characteristics. In fact, triethanolamine is used to produce pesticides and herbicides.Triethanolamine in controlling algae growth:Another application of triethanolamine is its use in the water purification process. Due to its properties, triethanolamine can prevent algae growth in pool water, lake water, or even freshwater.
How to maintain: Proper storage of triethanolamine can help maintain the quality and properties of this chemical compound. The following are explanations on how to properly store this substance:Storage in a cool, dry environmentThe best conditions for storing triethanolamine are a cool, dry environment. Therefore, this compound should be stored in an environment with a temperature usually below 25 degrees Celsius and low humidity.Avoid contact with aerobesTriethanolamine is sensitive to oxidation, so contact with aerobes (air) should be avoided. It is best to close the container containing this substance after use so that it does not come into contact with air.Storage in appropriate containersTo store triethanolamine, use containers with appropriate packaging and impermeable to air. Usually, plastic or glass containers with a tight lid are suitable for storing this substance.Avoid direct sunlightThe storage environment of triethanolamine should be protected from direct sunlight. It is best to store this compound in a dark environment to prevent discoloration or sunburn.Avoid contact with other chemicalsTriethanolamine should be kept away from acids, oxides, and other strong chemicals. It is best to store this material in an environment separate from other chemicals.Always ensure that triethanolamine is stored in a safe environment that is out of reach of children and pets. By following these storage tips, you can ensure the quality and shelf life of triethanolamine over time and use this material in the best possible way.

Monoethanolamine

Category : Export raw materials, Other chemical solvents,

Features

Usages: It is used in many industries such as cement, metals, cosmetics, detergents, pharmaceuticals, wood, inks and textile processes.Application of monoethanolamine in the absorption of acid gasesRemoval of CO₂ and H₂S: MEA is widely used in the oil and gas industries to remove carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from natural gases and refinery gases.SurfactantsMEA is used as a neutralizing and alkalizing agent in the production of detergents, soaps and cleaning products. Monoethanolamine is used in detergents such as dishwashing detergents, multi-purpose detergents and disinfectants. This material has excellent application as an anti-corrosion and neutralizing agent in car wash shampoos and detergents.Pharmaceutical industriesChemical intermediate: MEA is used as an intermediate in the production of various medicines and health products.ChemicalsProduction of ethanolamides: MEA is used in the production of ethanolamides, which are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in various industries.Auxiliary agentIn the textile industry, it is used as an auxiliary material in the dyeing and finishing processes of fabrics.Cooling systems and boilersAmmonia absorber: MEA is used as a chemical in cooling systems and boilers to control pH and prevent corrosion.Power plantMonoethanolamine is used to purify residual gases from petroleum processes and is an excellent adsorbent for gases containing carbon dioxide. This material plays a very important role in the production of ammonia, dry ice and liquid carbon dioxide.AgricultureIt is used in agriculture to neutralize anionic emulsifiers.PharmaceuticalsThis material is used in the formulation of many drugs, which are mostly used to prepare buffers and emulsions. It is also available in pharmaceutical grade and is used to adjust the pH of cosmetic products.Metalworking fluidsIt is used as an anti-corrosion and acid neutralizer to prevent metal rust and corrosion.TextilesIts applications in textiles include providing fibers and softeners, and due to its low alkalinity, it is widely used for cleaning silk and wool. It has a very high water absorption and is therefore used to produce printing paste.
Storage conditions: Storage: Should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Suitable containers: This material should be stored in sturdy, resistant containers, preferably made of non-reactive materials such as stainless steel or special plastics, to prevent leakage and damage to the environment. Adequate ventilation: The storage space should be well ventilated to prevent the accumulation of harmful vapors. Distance from incompatible materials: Should be kept away from incompatible chemicals, especially acids and oxidizing agents. Labeling: Containers containing monoethanolamine should be clearly marked and contain safety information. Restricted access: Access to the storage area should be restricted and only trained and authorized persons are allowed to enter. By observing these conditions, potential hazards arising from its use and storage can be prevented.

Solvent 402

Category : Export raw materials, Other chemical solvents,

Urea

Category : Export raw materials

Features

Usages: 1- Uses of urea in agriculture: Urea in agricultureUrea in agriculture More than 90% of the world's industrial production of urea is intended for use as a nitrogen-containing fertilizer. Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogen fertilizers in common use.The most common impurity in synthetic urea is biuret, which disrupts plant growth. Urea decomposes in the soil and produces ammonium. Ammonium is absorbed by the plant. In some types of soil, ammonium is oxidized by bacteria and produces nitrate; this substance is also a nutrient required by the plant.The loss of nitrogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere and runoff is both harmful and environmentally damaging. For this reason, urea fertilizer is sometimes pretreated or modified in order to increase the efficiency of agricultural use.One of the technologies in the use of urea fertilizer is the conversion of urea into derivatives such as formaldehyde, which decomposes into ammonia at a rate consistent with the nutritional needs of plants.2- Use of urea in the preparation of various resins: Urea is the raw material for the manufacture of several main groups of materials: urea-formaldehyde and urea-melamine-formaldehyde resins, which are used in plywood.3- Industrial applications of urea in automotive systems: Urea is used in selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactions to reduce NOx pollutants in exhaust gases from combustion in diesel, dual-fuel and natural gas engines.For example, the BlueTec system injects a water-based carbonyl diamide solution into the exhaust system. The ammonia produced by the hydrolysis of urea reacts with nitrogen oxide and is converted to nitrogen and water in a catalytic converter. Trucks and cars using these catalytic converters must carry diesel exhaust fluids, a solution of urea in water.4. Laboratory uses of urea:Urea is a powerful protein at concentrations of 10 mM. This property can be used to increase the solubility of some proteins. A mixture of urea and choline chloride is used as a eutectic solvent (DES), a substance similar to an ionic liquid. When urea is used in a eutectic solvent, it does not precipitate dissolved proteins.Carbonyl diamide can in principle serve as a source of hydrogen to generate electricity in fuel cells. Urea in wastewater can be used directly (although bacteria rapidly degrade urea).Urea at concentrations up to 8 mol/L can be used to make fixed brain tissue transparent to visible light while preserving fluorescent signals from labeled cells. This allows for much deeper imaging of neural processes.5- Urea applications in medicine: Creams containing urea are used as topical skin products to enhance skin hydration. Urea 40% is prescribed for psoriasis, xerosis, eczema, keratosis, keratoderma, corns and calluses.The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood caused by urea. It is used as an indicator of kidney function. Although it is low compared to other markers such as creatinine; Because the level of this substance in the blood is affected by other factors such as diet and dehydration.6- Other uses of urea: Urea is an element in the exhaust fluid of diesel-fueled vehicles (DEF) that contains 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water. DEF is injected into the exhaust stream of diesel vehicles to break down hazardous NOx emissions into nitrogen and water. Urea is a component of animal feed and a relatively inexpensive source of nitrogen to promote animal growth. Urea is a non-corrosive alternative to rock salt in road deicing, although it is less effective than traditional salt or calcium chloride. Urea is the browning agent in factory-produced foods. Urea is a raw material in the preparation of some skin creams, moisturizers, hair conditioners, and shampoos. Urea, along with other salts, is considered a cloud-fertilizing agent. Carbamide is a flame retardant commonly used in dry chemical fire extinguishers, which consist of a mixture of bicarbonate, urea, and potassium. Carbamide is an ingredient in many teeth whitening products. Carbonyl diamide is used, along with diammonium phosphate, as a yeast nutrient to ferment sugars to ethanol. Carbamide is used as a solubilizer and moisture-retaining additive in dye baths for dyeing or printing fabrics.
Storage conditions: To maintain the quality of urea and prevent potential hazards, it is essential to observe the following points in storage and transportation:Storage: Urea should be stored in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. This substance is hygroscopic and, if exposed to humid air, it will clump and lose its quality.Segregation: Urea should be stored separately from incompatible chemicals such as ammonium nitrate, nitric acid and calcium hypochlorite, as their combination can create a fire or explosion hazard.Personal safety: When working with urea, especially in large quantities, it is recommended to use gloves, a dust mask and safety glasses to prevent irritation to the skin, eyes and respiratory system.

Toluene

Category : Export raw materials

Features

Usages: Toluene Applications Production of benzene and xylene: 50% Blending with gasoline to improve octane number 25% Solvent 18% Raw material for making other products such as diisocyanate 5% Production of benzoic acid 5% Raw material for making benzene and xyleneToluene can be converted into benzene and methane by hydrogenation reaction:C6H5CH3 + H2 → C6H6 + CH4And in the next stages, xylene can be obtained by other reactions.Nitration Its nitration gives products such as mono, di and trinitrotoluene, all of which are widely used in various industries, for example, dinitrotoluene is used in the production of toluene dipsocyanate, which is ultimately used to produce polyurethane foam. Trinitrotoluene has explosive properties and is used in the preparation of TNT.Toluene in Tehran Chemical Toluene Oxidation As mentioned above, benzoic acid and benzaldehyde are products obtained by oxidizing toluene with oxygen. The usual catalyst in these reactions is cobalt or manganese naphthene.Buy tolueneSolvent Perhaps it can be said that the most important applications of toluene are the use of this substance as a solvent, especially in the paint and resin industry. Other uses of toluene solvent include the rubber industry, printing ink, adhesives, varnishes and disinfectants.What substances does toluene dissolve in itself? Toluene is used as a very good solvent in organic chemistry because, unlike water, this substance can dissolve many organic compounds and is used as a solvent instead of benzene due to its much lower toxicity.As mentioned above, toluene is used as a solvent in paint thinners, nail polish removers, adhesives and ... in many commercial products.Fuel Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines and jet fuel, in the 1980s the Honda team first used this substance at 86% volume to charge turbo engines, the remainder of the fuel volume was made up of n-heptane to reduce octane and overcome fuel restrictions in Formula One. 100% toluene is used in two-stroke and four-stroke engines.Toluene Dangers and Side Effects High Flammability Risk of Liquid and VaporsAs we mentioned in the Applications section, it is used in fuels, especially diesel and gasoline, and will have a direct impact on human life. The central nervous system is one of the first parts to be exposed to the dangers of toluene inhalation. These effects are long-term (chronic) and short-term (acute) for both humans and animals. Central nervous system dysfunction is one of the short-term effects of its inhalation. Its symptoms include fatigue, drowsiness, headache, and nausea.Interestingly, some people who have been exposed to this substance for a long time have reported symptoms of depression. Long-term exposure to toluene inhalation also causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract, eye irritation, sore throat, dizziness, and headache. The results of long-term interaction are specifically central nervous system dysfunction and decreased attention.Children and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable to this substance and extreme caution should be exercised in these individuals.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded that toluene may have carcinogenic potential.Toluene is notorious worldwide for its poor toxicological profile. It is recommended to consider consumer safety, occupational safety, and environmental safety when working with this compound. Due to its toxicity, it is classified as CMR Category 2 (Suspected of damaging the unborn child).
Storage conditions: Storage: Toluene should be stored in closed, resistant containers designed for the storage of chemicals. The storage location should be cool, dry, well-ventilated and away from direct sunlight, heat sources, sparks, open flames and strong oxidizing agents. Smoking and lighting any flames are strictly prohibited in the storage of toluene. The recommended storage temperature is usually between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius, but the manufacturer's instructions should be followed. Transportation: Toluene should be transported in accordance with national and international regulations for the transport of dangerous goods. Use of a respirator: When working in environments where the concentration of toluene vapors is high or there is insufficient ventilation, it is essential to use respirators equipped with a filter specifically for organic vapors. Use of safety gloves: To prevent skin contact, gloves resistant to organic solvents (such as nitrile or Viton gloves) should be used. Use of safety glasses: To protect the eyes from toluene splashes or vapors, it is mandatory to use safety glasses or a face shield. Use of work clothes: It is recommended to wear long-sleeved, suitable work clothes to prevent skin contamination.

Solvent 410

Category : Other chemical solvents

Ethanol

Category : Other chemical solvents

Features

Usages: Industries that use this solvent, in order of consumption: 1) Laboratory uses: In laboratories, ethanol is used in cases where water would interfere with the desired reaction. (pubchem)2) Cosmetics: This solvent is used in skin cleansers as a pore-shrinking agent. Ethanol is also added to lotions as an additive and to ensure that the lotion components do not separate, and to hair sprays to ensure that the spray compounds stick to the hair. Ethanol is also used as a solvent for the essential oils of various ingredients in the production of perfumes and fragrances. Its antibacterial properties have also led to its use in the production of hand sanitizers and mouthwashes to kill bacteria and help improve the performance of other effective components such as eucalyptol[1] and to improve the penetration of thymol[2] on plaque. Shampoos, dyes, hair creams and mousses, and nail polishes also contain ethanol. (chemical safety facts)3) Pharmaceutical industry: It is used in many drugs such as acetaminophen, ranitidine, furosemide[3], mannitol[4], phenobarbital[5], trimethoprim[6], sulfamethoxazole[7], iron supplements, and cough suppressants. Ethanol is used as a polar and non-polar solvent in reactions to produce active pharmaceutical ingredients; in reactions where the solvent is pure ethanol, adding water causes precipitation of non-polar powders, and in reactions producing very non-polar materials, adding ethanol causes precipitation of impurities. The solubility of ethanol on polar and non-polar compounds has led to many applications for ethanol in the pharmaceutical industry. (ASSIGNMENT POINT)4) Food industry: It is one of the most widely used solvents in the production of flavors and seasonings, and it can also cause better distribution of color in food. For example, the popular vanilla flavoring is produced in a solution of water, ethanol, and vanilla beans. (chemical safety facts) Ethanol is also produced and consumed in alcoholic beverages in various percentages and industrially.Note: In Iran, due to the ban on the production, import, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, many people produce and sell ethanol at home. The purchase and sale of these substances is prohibited and there is no supervision over its production and packaging; also, in many cases, profit-seeking individuals have caused poisoning, blindness, kidney failure, and death by purchasing industrial ethanol or methanol solvent and distributing it as an alcoholic beverage. Unlike ethanol, methanol alcohol is very toxic and can cause blindness and then death in very small doses. Many industrial ethanols available on the market contain significant amounts of methanol, which can cause irreparable harm if consumed orally.5) Fuel industry: Ethanol is considered a clean fuel because it burns completely, and this solvent is used in the production of gasoline to increase oxygen and reduce air pollution. Because pure ethanol damages tires and plastics and has a high octane number, it can only be used in cars that have a special design and can change the spark timing in the engine depending on the type of fuel. The fuel produced in the United States generally contains 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol (called E15). It is used as rocket fuel and fuel for light unmanned aircraft. The highest consumption of ethanol as fuel is in Brazil, where ethanol is produced in large ethanol refinery units by fermentation from wheat, sugar cane molasses, sugar beets, and corn; in Brazil, cars with 100% ethanol fuel and long-distance vehicles with 15% gasoline and 85% ethanol called E100 and E85 are used.6) Plastics Industry: Ethanol is a good alternative to fossil fuel-based chemicals and is widely used in the production of bioplastics. Polyethylene is produced from ethanol through a dehydration reaction, in which ethanol is converted to ethylene during the process of separating the water molecule, and then ethylene is converted to polyethylene. (ePURE)7) Automotive Industry: One of the applications of this solvent is its use as an antifreeze, which has led to its use in the production of car windshield washers. Car body cleaners and polishes also contain this solvent. (ePURE)8) Electrical Industry: It is used in electrode manufacturing[8] to degrease the surface of plates.9) Printing Industry: Water-based inks, which are widely used in flexographic and gravure printing[9] for various materials and in various sizes, contain ethanol and isopropyl alcohol in addition to water. If dilution is required, water or ethanol is also used. The presence of alcohol in this ink gives it a high gloss and evaporation rate, which distinguishes it from other inks. After the printing process is completed, water is used to wash the equipment before the ink dries, and alcohols such as methanol are used if the ink has dried on the equipment. (CINKARNA)10) Chemical industry: This solvent is used as an intermediate in the production of compounds such as glycols[10], glycol ethers[11], ethanolamines[12], ethylamines[13], ethyl propenoate (ethyl acrylate)[14] and ethanoate (acetate) esters[15]. (greener industry)11) Paint Industry: Solvents such as ethanol are used in paint production to reduce viscosity and improve paint distribution on surfaces. Ethanol is also used to clean paint from glass, paint brushes, and clothing. (The essential chemical industry-online, 2015) (SYDNEY SOLVENTS) Ethanol is not a very strong solvent, but it is used in the coating and printing industries as a co-solvent with ester, aromatic, and petroleum solvents in the formulation of thinners. The price of ethanol is lower than many ester, ketone, and aromatic solvents due to its renewable origin, so its use is economical; methanol also has this property, but is less used due to its toxicity.12) Adhesive Industry: The viscosity of an adhesive depends on the solubility of the monomers in the solvent, which can increase the spreadability of an adhesive on surfaces, especially on porous substrates. In the production of adhesives used in dentistry, mainly ethanol, acetone, and water solvents are used. (scielo)
Storage conditions: 1. Proper storage temperatureThe storage temperature should be below 25 degrees Celsius and away from heat sources. Increasing temperature increases vaporization and the possibility of explosion.2. Proper ventilationThe ventilation system should be constantly active so that condensed ethanol vapors do not accumulate in the space. The use of explosion-proof ventilation is recommended.3. Storage containersEthanol should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers, polyethylene or stainless steel. The container lids should be tightly sealed and resistant to vapor pressure.4. Warning signsAll containers and storage areas should have warning labels such as: “Flammable”, “Toxic”, “Authorized persons only”.5. Explosion-proof equipmentAll lighting and electronic systems in the storage must be explosion-proof (EX Proof).6. Keep away from sources of sparks and flamesThe ethanol storage facility should be at least 50 meters away from furnaces, open flames, or sparking devices.

Ortho xylene

Category : Other chemical solvents

Isobutanol

Category : Other chemical solvents

Features

Usages: The uses of isobutanol and n-butanol are similar. These two compounds are used interchangeably in the chemical industry. The main uses of these compounds in different structures include use in the production of esters, solvents, and paints and varnishes. Isobutyl acetate, which is a very useful solvent in the paint industry, is produced by isobutanol. Isobutyl esters are also obtained by this chemical compound. Isobutanol is also considered a part of a group of biofuels. Use as a solvent and feedstock in the production of various other chemical solvents Synthesis of various esters and solvents for paints and coatings Cellulose nitrate thinner and solution lubricant Use as a suitable solvent in the production of acid-resistant varnishes in the melamine and phenolic resins production industries (in this industry, isobutanol is used along with glycol ethers, ethanol, or aromatic hydrocarbons) Use as an additive to alkyd resin paints and to improve the viscosity of the mixture Use as a solvent in the production of coloring inks Extractant to obtain some pharmaceuticals and natural compounds including antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, alkaloids, and camphor Use for the production of surface cleaners and polishes Solvent in the textile industry Use as an additive in the production of antifreeze (monoethylene glycol) Use as an additive to diesel combustion engines to create sparks and ignition Use as a mobile phase in thin-layer chromatography separation methods Thin Dehydrating reagent Input feed in glycol ether production industries As input feed in flotation methods Use as raw materials in the production of corrosion inhibitor compounds in motor oils
Storage conditions: Isobutanol is a flammable and highly irritating compound. It can cause skin irritation if it comes into contact with the skin and can cause serious eye damage if it accidentally comes into contact with the eyes. Therefore, all workers who handle this solvent should follow chemical safety guidelines and wear protective clothing, gloves, masks, and goggles.Containers and drums containing isobutanol should be kept closed and stored in cool, dry areas away from sources of heat, sparks, or other sources of ignition. All containers and drums should be labeled with chemical information about the substance.

Diethanolamine

Category : Export raw materials, Other chemical solvents,

Features

Usages: Diethanolamine, as an effective ingredient in detergent formulations, helps improve the performance, stability and mildness of products. This compound plays a key role in the detergent industry due to its unique properties and helps improve the quality and safety of products.Diethanolamine (DEA) is used as an important chemical compound in detergent formulations. Due to its special properties, this substance plays several roles in improving the performance of detergents.pH adjustment: Diethanolamine helps regulate the pH of detergents, which is very important to prevent skin irritation and maintain its health. The right pH in detergents helps them perform better. Foam improvement: DEA helps produce foam in detergents. Proper foam not only helps improve cleaning performance, but also enhances the user experience. Stability of compounds: Diethanolamine helps to stabilize compounds in detergent formulations and prevents separation or precipitation of substances. Function as an emulsifier: DEA acts as an emulsifier and helps to combine oily and aqueous substances in detergents, which improves cleaning performance. Reduction of skin irritation: The use of diethanolamine in controlled amounts makes detergents milder and less irritating to the skin. Benefits of using diethanolamine in various industries As a chemical compound with wide applications in the cosmetic and health industries, diethanolamine helps to improve the performance of products and maintain skin health. This compound plays an important role in various formulations by improving foam consistency and adjusting pH, and prevents skin problems.Foam productionDiethanolamine (DEA) is mainly used in skin and hair care products to improve consistency and foaming ability. Benefits of this application include:Improved cleansing performance: Effective foaming helps the product to remove dirt and oil more effectively from the skin and hair. Increased pleasure of use: The presence of foam in hygiene products enhances the user experience and appeal of the product. Modifying the pH of the productPaying attention to the pH of cosmetic and hygiene products is of great importance. Diethanolamine has the following benefits in this regard:Maintaining pH balance: The natural pH of the skin is in the range of 4.7 to 5.75. As a base, diethanolamine helps regulate the pH of products and prevents irritation of the natural skin barrier. Protecting the natural skin barrier: The natural skin barrier consists of oils, ceramides, cholesterol and amino acids that protect the skin from moisture loss and irritants. Diethanolamine helps maintain the integrity of this barrier and reduces the risk of rashes, acne and sensitivity.
Storage conditions: To properly store diethanolamine, you can pay attention to the following:Storage in cool and dry conditions: DEA should be stored in a cool and dry environment to prevent unwanted evaporation and decomposition. The best temperature for storing it is around 20-25 degrees Celsius. Avoid contact with acids: DEA should be protected from contact with acids, oxides and other strong chemicals. Therefore, it should be stored in tanks or containers that are resistant and protective. Use of suitable containers: DEA should be stored in suitable plastic or metal containers that are resistant to chemicals. The containers should be suitable and closed to prevent contact with air and moisture. No freezing: In cold areas, ensure that DEA does not freeze. If necessary, you can use heaters or ambient heating systems. Safety information: When working with DEA, make sure that you use the appropriate tools and safety equipment such as safety glasses, gloves and wear suitable clothing. Pay attention to the expiration date: DEA has a specific expiration date; therefore, do not use DEA until its expiration date and dispose of it properly if it expires. By following these steps, you can maintain DEA well and ensure its safety and better performance in various industries.

Acetic acid

Category : Other chemical solvents

Features

Usages: Acetic acid is one of the most important and practical chemical compounds used in many industries today. In general, the most important applications of this acid in various industries include the following.Health and Medical Industries Acetic acid has very high disinfectant properties and is therefore useful and effective for treating and controlling infections. For example, using this acid, drops are produced to treat external ear infections and other infections. It should be noted that currently, acetic acid is one of those drugs that are on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines and is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce ethyl acetate, acetone and aspirin.Agricultural Industry The diluted form of this acid is used in the agricultural industry to produce herbicides in the form of sprays. It is also very effective and efficient for destroying plant fungi.Beekeeping Industry Beekeepers use acetic acid in late autumn and winter to disinfect and sterilize the place where bee babies are kept, honeycombs and honeycombs.Glue Production Industry A type of vinyl polymer and synthetic resin is obtained as polyvinyl acetate through the polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer or the combination of acetic acid with acetylene through the oxidation of ethylene, and it is used to prepare various types of glue such as paper glue, tape glue, Elmer glue, wood glue, white glue, wood glue, etc.Textile Industry If cotton and cotton textiles are exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, they will be damaged. Cotton is also vulnerable to water vapor and high temperatures and will change color. The level of resistance of cotton to different acids also varies, and acetic acid is one of the things that has a weak effect on cotton and for this reason it is widely used in the dyeing industry.Oil Industry In the oil industry, 94% acetic acid is used to remove sulfur from oil compounds and produce kerosene.PET Production PET is a type of macromolecule that is used in various countries to produce engineering polyester, polyester fibers, and bottle resin. In our country, PET is mostly used to produce drinking water bottles.Chemical Compound Production Acetic acid is used to produce various chemical compounds such as vinyl acetate, terephthalic, ethanoic anhydride, ethanoic esters, anhydrides, etc. Of course, it goes without saying that currently one-third of the world's acetic acid is used to produce vinyl acetate monomer.Household Use Acetic acid is widely used to produce vinegar and household cleaners.Food Industry This acid is used in the food industry as a flavoring. It is also effective as a paint thinner, pH adjuster, environmental acidifier, drier, preservative, solvent, and cleaner in the food industry.
Storage conditions: The storage conditions for this chemical compound are specific and should be kept away from heat and sources of ignition. It should also be kept away from oxidizing and reducing agents, metals, acids, and alkalis. The following important points should be considered when storing acetic acid:Pack in sturdy and tight containersStore in a cool, well-ventilated placeIdentify the hazards involved in working with these compoundsAvoid storing acetic acid next to oxidizing and reducing agentsKeep away from substances that produce toxic gases when used with this acidKeep this acid away from incompatible substances such as carmic acid, nitric acid, ethylene glycol, and permanganatesFollow standard storage instructionsPut accurate information on the packagingKeep these materials in a safe conditionIf they are stored on shelves and floors, make sure they are safeThere should be adequate ventilation in the storage areaUse safe equipment for working with acetic acidThe storage area for these materials should be locked and not accessible to the publicThe storage area should be sufficiently resistant to storing this type of acidDo not place acetic acid containers on the ground, even for a short timeTransportation and transportation Transport them according to standard principles. Keep reactive materials away from acetic acid. Use appropriate containers for storing acetic acid.

Sulfuric acid

Category : Other chemical solvents

Features

Usages: Sulfuric acid is known as the king of acids in the world of industry. This colorless, odorless, and highly concentrated liquid acid has a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique chemical properties. Here are some of its applications: • It plays a key role in the production of chemical fertilizers, especially ammonium superphosphate and ammonium sulfate, which are essential for plant growth. Without this acid, it would be difficult to produce enough food for the world's growing population. • It plays an important role in treating wastewater and removing pollutants and heavy metals from it. Proper wastewater treatment is essential to maintain environmental health and prevent groundwater pollution. • It is used in the production of a wide range of chemicals, including nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, pigments, detergents, and insecticides. These chemicals are used in various industries, including agriculture, textiles, and construction. • It is used in oil refineries to purify and separate impurities from crude oil and produce petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil • It is used in the production of batteries and battery water for cars and other vehicles. • It is used in various textile production processes, including dyeing, finishing, and printing. This substance helps increase the quality and variety of fabrics. • It is used in the extraction of metals such as copper, zinc, uranium, vanadium, and lead from ores. This acid helps separate metals from impurities and ores. • It is used in the paper production process (tissue paper, newspaper, cardboard boxes, writing paper, and other cardboard) to pulp wood and separate impurities. It also helps produce quality and durable paper. • It is used to purify water and remove impurities and heavy metals from it. Proper water purification is essential for human health and environmental protection. • Edible sulfuric acid is made by cooking sulfur trioxide and the raw material in its production is sulfur. Due to the abundant and widespread use of this acid, about 180 million tons of edible sulfuric acid are produced annually in the world and are used to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and microbes in food. • Steel and iron industries (by-product of the steel industry and descaling) • Chemical industries (antifreeze, insecticides, drugs, aluminum reduction) • Detergent production (as a solvent for fats and lipids) • Explosives production (like TNT) • Oil well drilling (acidification of oil wells) • Dyes (dyed nylon, writing ink and preparation of TiO2 from ilmenite) • Rayon and film (silk fabrics, tire cord and photographic films) • Aluminum anodizing process uses different concentrations of this acid as an electrolyte
Storage conditions: • Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive and can quickly damage skin, eyes, metals, and other materials. Direct contact with this acid can cause painful and sometimes irreversible chemical burns. • Inhaling its vapors can cause irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract, coughing, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, permanent damage to the lungs. Swallowing this acid is also highly toxic and even fatal. • This acid produces a lot of heat when diluted with water. This heat can cause splashing and burns. • Sulfuric acid releases toxic and dangerous gases, such as sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide, when it reacts with certain substances. Inhaling these gases can cause breathing problems, coughing, nausea, and dizziness.

Labsa

Category : Export raw materials, Other chemical solvents,

Features

Usages: Detergent production One of the most important uses of sulfonic acid is in the production of detergents.This substance is used as a surfactant, the sodium salt of which is used in the detergent industryAnd by reducing the surface tension of water, it increases the efficiency of detergents.Sulfonic acid is widely used in the production of shampoos, dishwashing liquids, and laundry powders.Textile industry In the textile industry, sulfonic acid is used as a dyeing and color-fixing agent.This substance helps improve the absorption of dyes on textile fibers and increases the durability and stability of colors.Drug production Sulfonic acid and its derivatives also have wide applications in the pharmaceutical industry.These compounds are used as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of various drugs.Also, some antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prepared from sulfonic acid derivatives.Water treatment In water treatment processes, sulfonic acid is used as a reducing agent.It helps improve water quality by removing metal ions and sediments.Paper industry Sulfonic acid is used in the paper industry as a dispersing and stabilizing agent.It improves paper quality by reducing particle aggregation and improving dispersion.
Storage conditions: Storage in suitable containers: Use in a corrosion-resistant container or container with a tight-fitting lid. Containers should be tightly closed to prevent leakage. Storage in suitable environments: Store sulfonic acid in a cool, dry place. Keep away from heat, flame, sparks and other flammable materials. The storage environment should be well ventilated to prevent vapor condensation. Avoid contact with incompatible materials Sulfonic acid may react with strong alkalis and reducing agents. Avoid contact with bases and reducing agents. Stability and reactivity Chemical stability: This material is stable under normal conditions. Conditions to avoid: Heat, flame and sparks. Violent reaction with strong alkalis. Incompatible with bases: May react with reducing agents. Hazardous decomposition products: Sulfur dioxide and sulfur oxides may be produced upon decomposition. Possibility of hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions known under normal conditions of use.

Phosphoric acid

Category : Other chemical solvents

Features

Usages: Food additivePhosphoric acid is used to make Pepsi. Food grade phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as colas and jams. It gives them a sour and tangy taste. Various salts of phosphoric acid, such as monocalcium phosphate, are used as flavoring agents. Phosphoric acid in soft drinks has the potential to cause tooth erosion.Rust removalPhosphoric acid may be used to remove rust by applying it directly to rusted iron and steel tools or other surfaces. Phosphoric acid converts the reddish-brown iron oxide (rust) to iron phosphate. An empirical formula for this reaction is:2 H3PO4 + Fe2O3 → 2 FePO4 + 3 H2OLiquid phosphoric acid may be used as a dip, but it is more commonly used as a gel formulation for rust removal. This process can produce a black phosphate coating that provides moderate corrosion resistance (such protection is also produced by surface processes such as Parkerizing and electrochemical etching).In medicinePhosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution to clean and roughen tooth surfaces where dental materials are to be applied or filled. Phosphoric acid is also a component of antiemetics, which also contain large amounts of sugar (glucose and fructose). It is also used in many tooth whiteners to remove plaque that may be present on the teeth prior to application.
Storage conditions: Storage Containers: Store in corrosion-resistant plastic containers (such as polyethylene or polypropylene) or stainless steel containers. Avoid using ordinary metal or unprotected glass containers. Storage Temperature: Store at room temperature and away from direct heat, sunlight, and sources of ignition. Avoid evaporation and contamination: Container lids should be tightly closed to prevent evaporation and the entry of moisture or impurities. Avoid incompatible materials: Phosphoric acid should not be stored with alkalis (bases), strong oxidizers, or active metals (such as sodium, potassium, zinc). Accurate Labeling: Containers should be clearly labeled with complete information including grade, purity percentage, date of manufacture, and safety warnings.